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Ameloblastoma is a rare, noncancerous (benign) tumor that usually forms near the molars in the jaw. Ameloblastoma starts in the cells that make up your teeth's protective enamel layer.
The most frequent variety of ameloblastoma is aggressive, developing into the jawbone and generating a big tumor. Surgery and radiation therapy are two options for treatment. Reconstruction may be required in some circumstances to restore your teeth, jaw, and facial look. Some forms of ameloblastoma are less aggressive than others.
Ameloblastoma is most commonly diagnosed in adults in their 30s to 60s, but it can also develop in children and young adults.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF AMELOBLASTOMA?
Ameloblastoma normally has no symptoms, however it can produce pain and a lump or swelling in the jaw.
If untreated, the tumor can grow to be quite large, altering the appearance of the lower face and jaw and pushing teeth out of place.
What effects does ameloblastoma have on my face and jaw?
You may experience swelling in your upper or lower jaw on one side of your face but not the other. If you visit your dentist twice a year, they may detect this problem before you notice any symptoms. Tumors can develop so huge that it appears as if you've tucked nuts or little balls between your jaw and cheek. Ameloblastoma might make it difficult to move your jaw.
What is the effect of ameloblastoma on my teeth?
Ameloblastoma can cause tooth resorption or re-absorption, which occurs when your tumor damages your teeth's roots. Tooth resorption can cause toothache. Other resorption signs include:
- Your teeth seem loose, as if you could wiggle them like you did when your baby teeth (deciduous teeth) were about to fall out.
- Pink or red patches appear on your teeth.
- Your teeth are prone to chipping and shattering.
- Your gums may appear swollen and red.
- It is possible that your lips and/or chin will become numb.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF AMELOBLASTOMA?
Ameloblastoma starts in the cells that make up your teeth's protective enamel layer. In rare cases, it may begin in the gum tissue. The specific etiology of the tumor is unknown, however numerous genetic changes (mutations) may play a role in its growth. These alterations may affect the tumor's location, the type of cells involved, and the tumor's growth rate.
Ameloblastomas are classed generally by kind, however they can also be classified by cell type. The four major types are as follows:
- Conventional ameloblastoma: This is the most prevalent kind and grows quickly, mainly in the lower jawbone, with a 10% recurrence rate after therapy.
- Unicystic ameloblastoma: This variety is less aggressive yet occurs at a younger age. The tumor is frequently found towards the rear of the lower jawbone, near the molars. Recurrence is possible following treatment.
- Peripheral ameloblastoma: This is an uncommon condition that affects the gums and oral tissue in the upper or lower jaw. After therapy, the tumor has a low probability of recurrence.
- Metastasizing ameloblastoma: This type is extremely rare and is distinguished by tumor cells that arise outside of the main site in the jaw.
WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF AMELOBLASTOMA?
Ameloblastoma can become cancerous (malignant) in rare cases. Ameloblastoma cells can very infrequently spread to other parts of the body (metastasize), such as the lymph nodes in the neck and lungs.
Ameloblastoma may return following treatment.
HOW IS AMELOBLASTOMA DIAGNOSED?
Ameloblastoma detection may begin with tests such as:
Imaging tests: Doctors use X-ray, CT, and MRI scans to identify the extent of an ameloblastoma. Routine X-rays at the dentist's office can occasionally reveal the tumor.
Tissue test: To confirm the diagnosis, doctors may take a sample of tissue or cells and submit it to a laboratory for testing.
WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS FOR AMELOBLASTOMA?
Treatment for ameloblastoma may vary depending on the size and location of your tumor, as well as the type and appearance of the cells involved. Treatment options include:
- Tumor removal surgery: Ameloblastoma treatment typically includes tumor removal surgery. Because ameloblastoma frequently spreads to the adjacent jawbone, surgeons may need to remove the afflicted portion of the jawbone. An aggressive surgical technique minimizes the likelihood of recurrence of ameloblastoma.
- Surgery to repair the jaw: If your jawbone is removed during surgery, surgeons can restore and recreate it. This can assist enhance the appearance and function of your jaw thereafter. The operation may also improve your ability to eat and speak.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy with high-powered energy beams may be required following surgery or if surgery is not an option.
- Prosthetics: Prosthodontists are dental specialists who may create artificial substitutes for lost teeth or other damaged natural components in the mouth.
- Supportive care: During and after treatment, a range of professionals can assist you with challenges with speech, swallowing, and eating. Dietitians, speech and language therapists, and physical therapists are examples of these specialists.
Because of the danger of recurrence following treatment, it is critical to maintain lifelong, frequent follow-up sessions.
CONCLUSION
Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor that can cause jaw and tooth damage. These tumors have the potential to become cancerous. Because tumors never stop growing, surgery to remove one is the most effective technique to avoid further damage. Some operations remove malignancies but not healthy bone and tissue, increasing the likelihood of recurrence. Other surgeries remove tumors as well as more good bone and tissue, which may necessitate further surgery to repair bone and tissue. Inquire with your doctor about your alternatives. They will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each choice.